BB-height, cornering and why mullet bikes might turn better.

SB14
Posts
147
Joined
4/21/2018
Location
NO
Edited Date/Time 5/11/2021 2:42pm
I might go out on a limb here, but let us entertain a thought. Or, rather some aspects that might be hidden in plain sight and some aspects that might be contradictory to what we he been told.

This idea first intrigued me after reading Paul Astons monster bike check a while back. And it was mister Aston BB-height of 375mm(maybe someone will convert it to imperial language in the comments). He said this was a good thing because the cranks was now above his axels height and that made the bike easier to tip over. In his reasoning, this was easier because he didn’t have to push through the line of his axels. If I get this right this is because the bikes tipping point, from side to side, will be at the height of the axels. And if you, and then your weight, is connected to the bike through a point that sits below this point, you must push through some leverage to tip the bike.

He then goes on to explain why we traditionally have low BB, for stability and cornering on shorter bikes. Now, since he is on a Nicoalai, and many other companies have solved this by making longer bikes, this point of low BB for stability is not valid anymore.

I have been thinking on this matter for some while, and tried to get some more information on the subject – but with no luck. But just the other day, Pole released a new version of their Evolink, with higher BB, and they said something to the effect that they did not need it for stability and they felt it was better.

This also have made me think of the mullet set up. When you lower the rear axle height and the line you have to push through have been lower in relationship with the crank, thus easier to tip over. Or that the line you have to push through will be more parallel to you as a rider then the ground. If that makes sense. But I think the cornering of mullet bikes might feel better, or is better for that matter, because of the change in how the leverage interacts with the bike when tipping it over into corners.

I might be writing this up with some bias, since I am riding a Nicolai and because of some travel adjustment on it, I ended up with a slightly higher BB at 360mm. Also set up as a mullet. I will test this in the coming months and see if I like it more. But then, I might not feel it, or I might like that I got more travel and think I like it because of the higher bb and mullet set up. Or it might just become a mess. But I have some faith in some of the reasoning her, though it is not main stream in the bike industry.

There are now questions here, but I think there is a lot to argue or thing to point out. I am not emotionally married to my point(s) here, so feel free to attack or spin of what makes sense. I think there might be a discussion here that could shed some light on the matter.
3
|
pohsoonteng
Posts
40
Joined
9/23/2010
Location
Oakland, CA US
4/22/2021 4:24pm
I actually did a video explaining my thoughts on the mullet setup. Let me know what you think!

3
2
SB14
Posts
147
Joined
4/21/2018
Location
NO
4/23/2021 12:26am
Yes, good points! I think we have a similar understand of what is happening in the relationship with BB and rear axle. If I understand you correctly, your point is that this has an effect on the up/down leverage, while my point is that the relationship with the line through both axels and the bb will have an leverage in the side to side movement of riding the bike.

I would love to get some pictures up and illustrate this, but my technical skills in that field is not that good. I will give it a go tonight. Cheers for the feedback!
1
pohsoonteng
Posts
40
Joined
9/23/2010
Location
Oakland, CA US
4/23/2021 5:36am
SB14 wrote:
Yes, good points! I think we have a similar understand of what is happening in the relationship with BB and rear axle. If I understand you...
Yes, good points! I think we have a similar understand of what is happening in the relationship with BB and rear axle. If I understand you correctly, your point is that this has an effect on the up/down leverage, while my point is that the relationship with the line through both axels and the bb will have an leverage in the side to side movement of riding the bike.

I would love to get some pictures up and illustrate this, but my technical skills in that field is not that good. I will give it a go tonight. Cheers for the feedback!
Yup! The leverage i'm talking about applies to cornering as well. When you pull to create front wheel lifts for a manual you pull up. When you corner, it's the same thing just in a different direction. It's still a pulling motion when you corner. When railing the berm, it's pulling out of a berm that keeps you from high siding and pumping through the berm. When you cutty, you're still pulling laterally while directing force into the rear wheel enough that it bypasses the grip of the tire. It's always a pulling motion just in different directions and the difference in BB height relative to the axles influence how it feels. I also think that pretty soon, mullet will be the thing for smaller sizes and 27.5 will be phased out. On top of the leverage benefits that'll help a smaller person feel taller (taller riders usually have longer limbs for leverage), it makes sense from a business stand point as well as manufacturers will no longer have to stock 27.5 forks and front wheels.
1
Dickon
Posts
6
Joined
4/23/2021
Location
Raleigh, NC US
4/23/2021 7:41am
I've been thinking about this a lot too! The other day it occurred to me that how easily the bike tips from side to side might not actually depend at all on the position of the bottom bracket relative to the axle height because the bike is rotating about the tire/ground axis when it goes side to side.

Thoughts on this?
1
just6979
Posts
21
Joined
7/27/2012
Location
Ipswich, MA US
4/23/2021 8:39am
"And if you, and then your weight, is connected to the bike through a point that sits below this point, you must push through some leverage to tip the bike."

No. The "tipping point" is the ground. Even if the BB is below the axles, there is no "leverage" to push through. It's just lower, and this has less distance to move laterally for a given lean angle. A higher BB moves further laterally for a given lean angle, which could be good or bad depending on corners (bermed, flat, off-camber).
7
SB14
Posts
147
Joined
4/21/2018
Location
NO
4/23/2021 9:19am
Yes just6979, i might have over thought this. But there must be some relation with the center of those gyroscopic forces the wheel produce? Right? B/c you are in some way connected to them.

Though my point is crumbling, i want to upload some pictures that might hive some room for further speculation.



Line through Axels are parallel to the ground.





Line through axels are slightly upwards, and if the bike is going down a hill, this Line would be more in sync with the position of the rider. Maybe?





Mr. Astons bike. High bb, and Linethrough Axels is upwards.

I feel that my idea is something, but my wording of it might be of. Would love if someone would Try to reword what i am pointing out is factors that could be in play.

And also, what are your thoughts and Poles last configuratoin of the evolink, with their comments on higher bb?

hd4rider
Posts
43
Joined
5/2/2018
Location
Bentonville, AR US
Fantasy
323rd
4/23/2021 9:59am
Could it be that what you are capturing is the negative correlation between BB height and standover and stack, which is allowing you to create better bike-body separation and better manipulate front tire weighting?
SB14
Posts
147
Joined
4/21/2018
Location
NO
4/23/2021 11:05am
Sure, i dont really know. But the idea that if you get the bb closer to the line that goes through the axels of your bike, the impact of the gyroscopical effect of the rolling wheels, will be less. Or it will take less energy to tip the bike from side to side, alas making the bike turn/maneuver better.

But as just6979 said, the further out you go from the ground, the longer your weight has to move side to side

.

*tin foil hat statement* the mullet set up will get this job done without going against the long, low and slack mantra of the industry. B/c you can say something like, the bike turns better b/c of the smaller arch of the rear wheel or something(though this would in reality be a really small change of arch. I think. Correct me if i’m wrong). Since higher bb is a thing of the past. And stability issues is now taken care of by longer bikes.

Jakub_G
Posts
223
Joined
8/7/2019
Location
SK
4/23/2021 1:33pm Edited Date/Time 4/23/2021 1:34pm
Pole is funny example of anything geometry related as the only reason for the change is them fitting 230mm metric shock into frame designed for 216mm imperial one (for obvious shortage of supplies) and they are marketing it as "update" (while having to fit angleset to them to correct for the things this causes to the geometry, well at least small part of it). Hybrids steer better for more reasons, one is that front and rear wheel naturally describe different dia. arcs, rear wheel always does the inside line compared to the front one and smaller rear wheel is better at that. Bigger wheel also has higher inertia, at the front you can offset this by handlebars, but rear wheel always points straight. You can slide it, sure, but then smaller rear wheel works better for this as well. And to the BB to ale height theory, here is pretty good analysis from the guy responsible for your bike https://www.mbr.co.uk/news/size-matters-part-2-finding-limits-geometry-…
4
AndehM
Posts
202
Joined
5/7/2018
Location
El Granada, CA US
Fantasy
347th
4/23/2021 1:43pm Edited Date/Time 4/23/2021 1:49pm
I've got a Guerrilla Gravity Megatrail set up as a mullet ("MegaSmash"), which has a flip chip option that slackens the angles by about half degree and drops the BB by about 5mm, and but also changes the leverage curve <5% (more progressive in high). I like the feel of the lower BB mode better (it feels super planted when pushing into berms), but the half degree slacker head angle slows down steering a bit, and the increased progressivity in high feels more poppy. I've tried both modes extensively and have decided I like the high mode better.

The point I'm trying to make is that BB height is a ways down the list on whether or not a mullet setup feels good. For me, the order of priority in finding a good mullet bike setup were:
1) does the travel front/rear balance remain reasonable?
2) does the HTA remain reasonable (~64ish)?
3) does the STA remain reasonable (~76ish)?
4) does the bike have a good suspension platform (progressive / pedal efficient)?
5) does the BB height not get crazy low (>335mm) or crazy high (<350mm)?
1
Tobyb
Posts
2
Joined
12/23/2019
Location
Vancouver, WA US
4/23/2021 3:37pm
Chris Porter has covered this topic and echoes similar thoughts to Paul it seems. I think they were looking for an almost inline ride height (axles and bb) when sag is taken into account.
Chris Porter was saying that the lower a bb gets the more drastic the effect on a 29er. the gyroscopic effect of the wheels and the leverage point below the line makes it harder to initiate turns.
Also the radius of how the front and back wheel turn differs also.
It seems with the a mullet you have the best rollover and grip benefits of the 29 and then the 27.5 keeps that bb height in check as much as possible, it also in effect raised the pivot point which should improve rearward axle path movement, but this dependant on the design and very minimal and perhaps lost with the rollover performance a 29 offers?
I run a mullet Zerode. It would be interesting to see what a 26" on the back would feel like.

Big Bird
Posts
2171
Joined
2/1/2011
Location
Oceano, CA US
4/23/2021 5:09pm
We got a free high BB Planet X hardtail once. It kicked around the 180 Crew for a while. Eventually I cut off the hanger and turned it into a trampoline bike. So good with the points in line.
Masjo
Posts
205
Joined
11/25/2014
Location
Ancaster CA
Fantasy
2287th
4/23/2021 5:14pm
I would think that the BB height would have to be pretty high to get it in line with the axles while sagged, especially with a longer travel rig. If this were true, it would also mean that turning while pumping would be more difficult compared to turning while riding slowly on flat ground. If you initiate the turn from your bars and swinging your hips, I'm not sure how much BB height matters.
It would also differ depending on crank orientation; if the cranks are perpendicular to the ground it shouldn't matter what BB height you have since your levering off of a 165-175mm crank and that would almost certainly put it below the axle.
I haven't ridden a mullet setup and could be entirely wrong here. In the drop bar world, many new road bikes come with BB drops >75mm and would be more stable than a cyclocross bike with a BB drop <68mm down a fast descent - or at least that's what the roadies want to believe. CX bikes often have slightly longer chainstays than road bikes for tire clearance which could also play a role.
1
Varaxis
Posts
73
Joined
10/7/2010
Location
Lake Elsinore, CA US
4/23/2021 6:05pm Edited Date/Time 4/23/2021 6:50pm
Long wheelbase bikes need a taller BB for another reason - to gain ground clearance due to bigger stuff being able to fit between the F and R wheels. For example, if you go slow off of a rock roller or a rooty ledge, the edge of the rock/root can contact the crank/chainring before the rear wheel can come into play. The Grim Donut had this prob.

I believe cornering depends more on F and R weight distro. People like to think that having more weight on the front is a good thing, but I disagree. There is a very narrow sweet spot that allows me to pull off natural two-wheeled drifts, which I associate with excellent cornering. Sizing up and down between size M and L when demo'ing the latest and greatest bikes, I used to always favor the size L. On the smaller size, I had to get my weight a little further back to corner as well. The bigger size had less weight on the front, but it felt more intuitive to corner, taking less conscious effort to calculate the position to readjust the weight distro.

More BB drop led to a more planted feel. Not really sure if I'd want a mtn bike with zero BB drop.

Watching a rider like Kovarik on an Intense Carbine vs a DH bike, I'd blame the weight distro more than anything else to account for the difference in steeze. See which wheel breaks traction first. The Carbine's rear tire often breaks first in his promo vid. I know most prefer that over the front breaking traction first, but getting both naturally breaking at the same time is my personal preference.


3
slimshady
Posts
122
Joined
9/16/2011
Location
AR
4/23/2021 8:41pm Edited Date/Time 4/23/2021 8:46pm
I think anyone relating to Paul Aston's experience should at least be a sasquatch like him. A tall BB might work better for him, but he's a tall guy, with long limbs and riding a gigantic bike. It's also worth noting the most progressive bikes out there (in terms of geometry, not rear suspension ratios) are mostly plow bikes, designed to cut through the chunder like it's cottage cheese.

Raising the BB makes manualling/bunny hopping easier, as any BMX rider can attest. It also makes cornering harder, because the vertical of the BB (the vertical component of the weight you put through the pedals) falls easily outside the "zone" connecting the contact patches of both wheels (trigonometry 101). This is essentially the main condition for an unstable equilibrium, and ultimately leads to loss if traction and skidding.

Running a smaller wheel at the back reduces its inertia moment and makes both acceleration and turning more agile. It also lightens/speeds cornering because you are placing comparatively more weight at the back of the bike, effectively avoiding a reduction of trail at the front wheel, given the fork compresses less.

Also, if you look at the principles Transition used to design their Speed Defined Geometry concept, the slacker the head angle gets, the shorter the fork offset must be, in order to avoid the dreaded wheel flap/slow steering associated with slacker head angles. Unfortunately, most fork brands offer their long travel models in longer offsets these days. Again, the bikes are leaning towards riding almost in a straight line, cutting through everything you can find in front of you. The trails consequentially are being designed to help the 29er monster trucks keep their momentum over the corners. Maybe mullets will change that and help us have more diverse/fun trails again.


TL/DR: bike design is a short blanket: if you cover your head, you'll leave your toes out to freeze.

2
2
Primoz
Posts
3538
Joined
8/1/2009
Location
SI
Fantasy
783rd
4/23/2021 10:56pm Edited Date/Time 4/23/2021 10:57pm
As has been mentioned, the BB height and the axle line is something that you see with the bike just standing there without a rider. Under sag the conditions are different.

Want to try it out? Just change the sag drastically, though that will change a lot of the aspects of how a bike rides...

As for gyroscopics, supposedly a bike with canceled out gyroscopic effects will tide just the same as a normal bike, I seem to remember reading the some tests were done on this matter.
1
4/24/2021 4:21am
It makes me think about some reading I've done recently about old MX bikes vs newers ones. Basically older bikes were higher up with a higher CG which allowed the bikes to be super maneuverable and easy to initiate turns with since a higher CG will be more likely to tip over which is basically how you make a 2 wheeled vehicle turn. Now I would think that aside from pure CG height, the relation between BB height and wheel axle is pretty important, maybe more so that CG height actually. Since you can take a BMX and a Cruiser with similar BB height but tue BMX will turn sharper than the cruiser, one has BB over axles, no the other one.
Aside from cornering, the front to back balance of a mullet is more advantageous for gravity riding. Your BB will be higher in relation to your rear axle allowing for easier manuals and bunny hops, while your BB will be lower to your front axle which would give more confidence in steep section with less chances of OTBs.
Now in the real world a friend of mine mulleted his SB150 and couldn't really tell the difference despite him being a rather fast rider. So while it might be worth experimenting the advantage might be marginal or not noticeable if you are not focusing on trying to feel it. Hopefully I will get to experiment once a bike company have some bikes in stock.
1
1
slimshady
Posts
122
Joined
9/16/2011
Location
AR
4/24/2021 4:36am Edited Date/Time 4/24/2021 4:41am
The confidence going down thingy boils down to having a geometry which places the vertical component of the rider+bike compound inside the front wheel's contact patch. If the geometry throws the vertical component closer to the front of that contact patch, you'll OTB easily. If it's behind the contact patch, your front wheel will wash out or brake poorly. Bad geometry can be mitigated to an extent by moving yourself over the bike (we all remember those days of olde when we all ended up riding down behind the rear wheel), but ideally you should be able to remain centered on the bike. Progressive geometry/LLS bikes are a lot better on this front, because they allow more subtle COG placement corrections, mostly by lowering your hips instead of throwing them behind the bike.

A front 29er wheel feels better because it rolls over stuff much more easily, but also because its contact patch is larger. This combined with the more subtle weight displacement a LLS bike demands is the core of why they are more enjoyable on fast, open, although gnarly trails.
SB14
Posts
147
Joined
4/21/2018
Location
NO
4/24/2021 9:32am
Alot of good knowlagde coming out here. Thanks for playing with me on this topic.

I would bring in Joe from straling cycles on some of the points put up in the last few posts. Take a look on his blog post in the subject of factors of wheels and wheel sizes:

Joe from Starling cycles

Skeen
Posts
10
Joined
4/16/2020
Location
US
4/24/2021 9:57am Edited Date/Time 4/24/2021 9:59am
I put a 29 fork/ wheel my my 27.5 megatrail. Now for the low geo mode, the bb is 7mm higher than the previous configuration’s high mode. I love the extra bit of pedal/ crank clearance for spinning through chunky sections.

I tried the mixed wheel setup on a flow trail with the rear shock semi locked. I felt too high up and not inside the bike enough to really rail the berms. Tried it again with the shock fully open and it felt great.

So i like the slightly higher bb, but need the shock open for it to not be too high for aggressive DH.

And im amazed at how much tighter of a radius i can now turn since going mixed wheel. Id expect this more with a 29er dropping to 27.5 rear but also got the same result from bumping a 27.5 up to 29 in front.

pyromaniac
Posts
22
Joined
3/22/2015
Location
DE
Fantasy
1314th
4/25/2021 1:20pm
Back in 2013 I built a 26" GT Zaskar frame with a 29er front wheel using a 26" Salsa fork. It had 42mm offset and cornered better than any other bike I had before or since. BB height was similar to the stock setup as the height of the front end was pretty much identical to a 100mm suspension fork with 26" wheel.
At the time I had no idea why it worked better, but now I'd put it down to the rear wheel likely taking a smaller arc round corners than the bigger front wheel.

brash
Posts
707
Joined
4/24/2019
Location
AU
4/25/2021 3:06pm
I have an ebike I use for experiments and trying setup things before transferring the hairbrain ideas to my enduro bike if appropriate. It's a merida e160 so it's 150/160 bike, 27.5+ as standard.

From day 1 I put a 29er wheel and 2.5 assegai. Rode well but vague cornering from the rear plus size 2.8 tyre.

Then swapped to a dissector in 2.3, holy crap just that change alone made the bike a demon in the corners, however BB was getting too low and pedal strike regular at 30% sag.

Eventually, the new 38's came out and I was onboard, the Axle to crown been that tad bit longer, and I went to a 170 fork this time (up 10mm in travel)

This was the sweet spot, raised the BB up that tiny bit, slackened H/A and wheelbase was nearing 1240mm for a bit more confidence at speed...

I am ready to transfer these findings to my Meta 29'er with some special yoke parts. Looking forward to it.


Big Bird
Posts
2171
Joined
2/1/2011
Location
Oceano, CA US
4/25/2021 7:30pm
I don't know the science. I've never ridden 27.5" or 29". I tended to like low BB's even though I rode 180mm cranks. But my personal experience on a mullet was on a Santa Cruz Super 8. It was the first wave of fat tires and wide rims and low pressures and the first mullets. So Super 8 with a 26" on a double wide in the front with I think a 2.6" IRC and a 24" rear double wide with a 3.0. I turned up at Joey's house for the first ride on it and was fooling around outside in the parking lot, when I realized that I could turn ninety degrees in the space of the paint lines. A bit of preload, land with the front already turning and land kind of hard on the rear end to load it making the front slacker so it can go where it's going along the line and then stand up after a proper street shralp. I recall loving the feel on the trails that day and raced it like that all season. But eventually I wen't back to dual BIG 26's with much narrower tires and narrower rims for better speed.

TEAMROBOT
Posts
721
Joined
9/2/2009
Location
Los Angeles, CA US
Fantasy
371st
4/26/2021 12:06am
The question no one has exactly answered is: do we care about the bb's position relative to the tire contact patch of the wheels, or relative to the axles? I don't know the answer to that question, and I can argue it both ways. I suspect the answer is that both matter for different reasons.

Obvious examples: Rear axle position seems to matter for manuals and wheelies, and the front tire contact patch position seems to matter for braking and turning traction. Talk amongst yourselves.
3
Primoz
Posts
3538
Joined
8/1/2009
Location
SI
Fantasy
783rd
4/26/2021 12:18am
For cornering, contact patch. You mentioned one case where it matters where the axle is, another case is rear suspension design, rearwardness of the axle path, the effects the suspension design has on handling, etc. - a bigger wheel with a higher positioned axle will have a more forward axle path, unless an idler is used or ridiculous amounts of antisquat and pedal kickback are present.
void
Posts
8
Joined
12/22/2018
Location
AQ
4/26/2021 12:42am Edited Date/Time 4/26/2021 1:58am
The most effective way to initiate a turn is countersteering, lower BB/CG requires less countersteering input.
NotMeAtAll
Posts
22
Joined
4/2/2019
Location
BR
Fantasy
4197th
4/26/2021 10:13am
SB14 wrote:
I might go out on a limb here, but let us entertain a thought. Or, rather some aspects that might be hidden in plain sight and...
I might go out on a limb here, but let us entertain a thought. Or, rather some aspects that might be hidden in plain sight and some aspects that might be contradictory to what we he been told.

This idea first intrigued me after reading Paul Astons monster bike check a while back. And it was mister Aston BB-height of 375mm(maybe someone will convert it to imperial language in the comments). He said this was a good thing because the cranks was now above his axels height and that made the bike easier to tip over. In his reasoning, this was easier because he didn’t have to push through the line of his axels. If I get this right this is because the bikes tipping point, from side to side, will be at the height of the axels. And if you, and then your weight, is connected to the bike through a point that sits below this point, you must push through some leverage to tip the bike.

He then goes on to explain why we traditionally have low BB, for stability and cornering on shorter bikes. Now, since he is on a Nicoalai, and many other companies have solved this by making longer bikes, this point of low BB for stability is not valid anymore.

I have been thinking on this matter for some while, and tried to get some more information on the subject – but with no luck. But just the other day, Pole released a new version of their Evolink, with higher BB, and they said something to the effect that they did not need it for stability and they felt it was better.

This also have made me think of the mullet set up. When you lower the rear axle height and the line you have to push through have been lower in relationship with the crank, thus easier to tip over. Or that the line you have to push through will be more parallel to you as a rider then the ground. If that makes sense. But I think the cornering of mullet bikes might feel better, or is better for that matter, because of the change in how the leverage interacts with the bike when tipping it over into corners.

I might be writing this up with some bias, since I am riding a Nicolai and because of some travel adjustment on it, I ended up with a slightly higher BB at 360mm. Also set up as a mullet. I will test this in the coming months and see if I like it more. But then, I might not feel it, or I might like that I got more travel and think I like it because of the higher bb and mullet set up. Or it might just become a mess. But I have some faith in some of the reasoning her, though it is not main stream in the bike industry.

There are now questions here, but I think there is a lot to argue or thing to point out. I am not emotionally married to my point(s) here, so feel free to attack or spin of what makes sense. I think there might be a discussion here that could shed some light on the matter.
You can tip the bike from side to side with way less force when you have the weight upper and actualy have more grip mid corner because of this. Its the same principle of supermotard bikes going circles around super sport motorbikes in a corner. with higher center of gravity you change some ability to point the bike in to the corner and some mid corner stability (on longer than 2 sec corners) for less lean angle and flickability. Everything in 2 wheels geometry is a trade off.
1
TEAMROBOT
Posts
721
Joined
9/2/2009
Location
Los Angeles, CA US
Fantasy
371st
4/26/2021 1:35pm Edited Date/Time 4/26/2021 11:07pm
On the topic of counter-steering, the only way to initiate a corner on a bicycle is counter-steering. Newton says that any force creates an equal and opposite force, so when a rider wants to go left they have to begin the process by sending the bike to the right. Counter-steering typically isn't conscious- it's not like you're going to think about turning right every time you turn left- but it always happens.

I agree with Primoz that contact patch is more important than axle position for cornering. But, if we assume that axle height doesn't affect cornering at all, then wheel size wouldn't matter for cornering. For instance, if axle position doesn't matter, a bike with 20" wheels and a bike with 36" wheels would corner the same if the contact patches were in the same place relative to the bb. I don't think that's true in practice.

And yes, I know a 20" tire and a 36" tire have different contact patch sizes and thus one would generate more traction, but that's not really what we're talking about here, so I oversimplified. For instance, no one is saying "I can't ride a mullet, I need my rear tire's contact patch to be 4% larger!!"



SB14
Posts
147
Joined
4/21/2018
Location
NO
4/26/2021 11:10pm
« Tyre contact patch. OK, let’s do the easiest one first. Bigger wheels do not have a bigger contact patch. Contact patch is purely a function of air pressure in your tyres. It is the air pressure that support your weight. Force (your weight) = Tyre pressures x contact patch area. Simple.

Different size wheels may have a slightly different shape contact patches, longer and thinner on bigger diameter wheels, but the area is the same. On a side note, the same is true of fatter tyres, a 2.2″ tyre with 20 psi has same contact patch as a 4″ tyre with 20psi. It’s just that the bigger volume allows you to run lower pressure without damaging your rims.

Rollover. Bigger wheels roll over bumps better, right? Well, no, not really. Realistically, I would consider a bump of 2” (50mm) in the realm of rollover. Anything much bigger and you need to start lifting the bike up and it’s not really rollover. If you consider where a 2” bump hits a wheel on both 29″ and 27.5″ wheels, you can see the difference in angle of attack is negligible, 1.14°.» from Staling cycles blot post.

But he goes on to what he thinks has a bigger effect on handeling.

« Gyroscopic stability. OK, this is the important one. Although there’s no change in angular momentum, there is an impact on the gyroscopic stability of the bigger wheels. This is because it is proportional to the diameter squared. The gyroscopic stability is the tendency for you wheel to stay ‘in-plane’ when rotating. Like the child’s toy, that stays upright when spinning, it doesn’t want lean over. Take your front wheel out of the bike and spin it up to speed holding it at the axle. Feel the forces to try and move the wheel out of plane.

Now imagine riding along on your bike and trying to lean it over, bigger wheels will make it harder to lean. But also, it means the bigger wheel will not be knocked off line as much by bumps. Anyone who has moved from smaller wheels to big 29″ wheels will have felt this affect. The big wheeled bike is harder to lean over, you need to put more effort in. But once it’s leant over, it’s more stable. People who are capable, will be able to tell you a 29″” is harder to whip off a jump.»

(This is sort of a double post, since i posted this link above. But these points need to be in the discussion, either to be further explored or picked apart)

Link is in a couple of post above.
1
Primoz
Posts
3538
Joined
8/1/2009
Location
SI
Fantasy
783rd
4/27/2021 4:08am Edited Date/Time 4/27/2021 4:13am
TEAMROBOT wrote:
On the topic of counter-steering, the only way to initiate a corner on a bicycle is counter-steering. Newton says that any force creates an equal and...
On the topic of counter-steering, the only way to initiate a corner on a bicycle is counter-steering. Newton says that any force creates an equal and opposite force, so when a rider wants to go left they have to begin the process by sending the bike to the right. Counter-steering typically isn't conscious- it's not like you're going to think about turning right every time you turn left- but it always happens.

I agree with Primoz that contact patch is more important than axle position for cornering. But, if we assume that axle height doesn't affect cornering at all, then wheel size wouldn't matter for cornering. For instance, if axle position doesn't matter, a bike with 20" wheels and a bike with 36" wheels would corner the same if the contact patches were in the same place relative to the bb. I don't think that's true in practice.

And yes, I know a 20" tire and a 36" tire have different contact patch sizes and thus one would generate more traction, but that's not really what we're talking about here, so I oversimplified. For instance, no one is saying "I can't ride a mullet, I need my rear tire's contact patch to be 4% larger!!"



How much of an effect does wheel size and the way a bike with a given wheel size turns have to do with the geometry that a certain wheel size demands? We haven't seen an ultra long, low, slack enduro bike, designed to fit 20" wheels after all... I mean it's not like leaning of the bike (I'm guessing with countersteer you mean flipping the contact patches outward, 'counter' to the cornering direction as opposed to just leaning into the corner around the contact patch?) is done around the axles, it happens around the horizontal, length-wise line through the CoG of the system rotating, mostly the bike in this case. And I do agree that you can't just flop over, you have to rotate the bike around that line.

I guess testing that would be simple, tie about a kilo of lead to either the top tube or around the BB and compare how the bike turns.


@SB14 regarding pressures, I'd say no, it's not the same area on a 2,2" and a 4" tyre at the same pressure. This is mostly gut feeling, haven't tested it, but we know for a fact that the tyre carcass plays a role here. But even with the exact same carcass, the diameter of the 2,2" tyre will be much smaller than the 4" tyre, so the support from the same pressure will not be the same. The effective shape-caused stiffness of that same carcass will be different. Lower pressures ran on bigger tyres makes me think the contact patch on the 2,2" tyre will actually be bigger due to more deformation. Maybe.

As for rollover, another benefit might (must?) be also rolling resistance. I see little other reason for modern EVs going to 20+" wheels and tyres, when we were happily chugging along on 15 to 17s just 10 to 20 years ago, not beating an eye. Higher weights and wider tyres to carry the load better might also have something to do with it too though...
2

Post a reply to: BB-height, cornering and why mullet bikes might turn better.

The Latest